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عمران::
کمانش مسطح
As in-plane buckling bracing element transfers load to gusset plate, in length is smaller than out of plane buckling length then proposed detail the load path goes from bracing element proper selection and detailing design of bracing elements primarily to HP and then continues through gusset plate. section and its connection detail are determinant points to HP design features obey the same rules as gusset plate alter buckling mode to in-plane mode.
The formation of efficient than the out of plane buckling mode.
It is supposed that HP employs in- simulated as bracing element in beam-column connection plane buckling mode in cross steel bracing frames under [7].
Third row is the calculated buckling with out of plane buckling in conjunction with the bracing load in accordance to AISC.
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